Differences in vaccine responses across populations present a key challenge in global health, affecting the development of effective vaccines and their equitable impact. Responses have often been seen to be poorer in low-income countries, especially rural settings. The Population Differences in Vaccine response (POPVAC) clinical trials, a series of landmark studies recently published in investigated these differences with the aim of contributing to better understanding of this phenomenon. Funded by the ,these trials ran from 2018 to 2022 and focused on how environmental factors and chronic infections shape immune responses among adolescent schoolchildren in Uganda.
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